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Home / Drugs / Starting with A / Acetazolamide
 
Acetazolamide
 

One of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)
BrandsAcetamox
Acetazolam
Ak-Zol
Apo-Acetazolamide
Atenezol
Cidamex
Dazamide
Defiltran
Dehydratin
Diacarb
Diakarb
Diamox
Diamox Sequels
Didoc
Diluran
Diuramid
Diureticum-Holzinger
Diuriwas
Diutazol
Donmox
Duiramid
Edemox
Eumicton
Fonurit
Glaupax
Glupax
Natrionex
Nephramid
Nephramide
Phonurit
Sk-Acetazolamide
Storzolamide
Vetamox
CategoriesAnticonvulsants
Diuretics
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
ManufacturersZydus pharmaceuticals usa inc
Duramed pharmaceuticals inc sub barr laboratories inc
Alra laboratories inc
Ascot hosp pharmaceuticals inc div travenol laboratories inc
Lannett co inc
Mutual pharmaceutical co inc
Taro pharmaceutical industries ltd
Vangard laboratories inc div midway medical co
Watson laboratories inc
Bedford laboratories div ben venue laboratories inc
Hospira inc
X gen pharmaceuticals inc
PackagersAmerican Cyanamid Co.
Amerisource Health Services Corp.
A-S Medication Solutions LLC
Barr Pharmaceuticals
Bedford Labs
Ben Venue Laboratories Inc.
Cardinal Health
Direct Dispensing Inc.
Dispensing Solutions
DSM Corp.
Duramed
Emcure Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Heartland Repack Services LLC
Innovative Manufacturing and Distribution Services Inc.
Kaiser Foundation Hospital
Lannett Co. Inc.
Medisca Inc.
Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
Mutual Pharmaceutical Co.
Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Physicians Total Care Inc.
Prescript Pharmaceuticals
Resource Optimization and Innovation LLC
Taro Pharmaceuticals USA
United Research Laboratories Inc.
Watson Pharmaceuticals
X-Gen Pharmaceuticals
Zydus Pharmaceuticals
SynonymsAcetamidothiadiazolesulfonamide
Acetazolamid
Acetazolamide Sodium
Acetazolamine
Acetazoleamide
Acetozalamide
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor 6063

indication

For adjunctive treatment of: edema due to congestive heart failure; drug-induced edema; centrencephalic epilepsies; chronic simple (open-angle) glaucoma

pharmacology

Acetazolamide is a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, effective in the control of fluid secretion, in the treatment of certain convulsive disorders and in the promotion of diuresis in instances of abnormal fluid retention. Acetazolamide is not a mercurial diuretic. Rather, it is a nonbacteriostatic sulfonamide possessing a chemical structure and pharmacological activity distinctly different from the bacteriostatic sulfonamides.

mechanism of action

The anticonvulsant activity of Acetazolamide may depend on a direct inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the CNS, which decreases carbon dioxide tension in the pulmonary alveoli, thus increasing arterial oxygen tension. The diuretic effect depends on the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase, causing a reduction in the availability of hydrogen ions for active transport in the renal tubule lumen. This leads to alkaline urine and an increase in the excretion of bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, and water.

half life

3 to 9 hours

drug interactions

Acetylsalicylic acid: Acetylsalicylic acid at high dose increases the effect of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide.

Bismuth Subsalicylate: The salicylate, bismuth subsalicylate, at high dose increases the effect of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide.

Brinzolamide: As both brinzolamide and acetazolamide are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, there is an increased risk of adverse effects.The development of acid-base disorders with concurrent use of ophthalmic and oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors has been reported. Avoid concurrent use of different carbonic anhydrase inhibitors when possible.

Cyclosporine: Acetazolamide may increase the effect and toxicity of cyclosporine.

Memantine: Possible increased levels of memantine

Tobramycin: Increased risk of nephrotoxicity

Topiramate: Additive renal carbonic anhydrase inhibition may occur increasing the risk of crystaluria and renal calculi. Increased risk of nephrolithiasis. Consider altnerate therapy.

Treprostinil: Additive hypotensive effect. Monitor antihypertensive therapy during concomitant use.

Triprolidine: The CNS depressants, Triprolidine and Acetazolamide, may increase adverse/toxic effects due to additivity. Monitor for increased CNS depressant effects during concomitant therapy.