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Home / Drugs / Starting with A / Allopurinol
 
Allopurinol
 

A xanthine oxidase inhibitor that decreases uric acid production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms. [PubChem]
Brands7HP
Adenock
Ailural
Allo-Puren
Allohexal
Allopur
Allozym
Allural
Aloprim
Aloral
Alositol
Aluline
Anoprolin
Anzief
Apo-Allopurinol
Apulonga
Apurin
Apurol
Atisuril
Bleminol
Bloxanth
Caplenal
Cellidrin
Cosuric
Dabrosin
Dabroson
Dura Al
Embarin
Epidropal
Epuric
Foligan
Geapur
Gichtex
Gotax
Hamarin
Hexanuret
HPP
Ketanrift
Ketobun-A
Ledopur
Lopurin
Lysuron
Milurit
Miniplanor
Monarch
Nektrohan
Progout
Purinol
Remid
Riball
Sigapurol
Suspendol
Takanarumin
Urbol
Uricemil
Uriprim
Uripurinol
Uritas
Urobenyl
Urolit
Urosin
Urtias
Urtias 100
Xanturat
Zyloprim
Zyloric
CategoriesFree Radical Scavengers
Antimetabolites
Enzyme Inhibitors
Enzyme Inhibitors Antimetabolites
Gout Suppressants
ManufacturersApotex inc etobicoke site
Caraco pharmaceutical laboratories ltd
Mutual pharmaceutical co inc
Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
Northstar healthcare holdings ltd
Par pharmaceutical inc
Purepac pharmaceutical co
Sandoz inc
Superpharm corp
Vintage pharmaceuticals inc
Watson laboratories inc
Abbott laboratories pharmaceutical products div
Dr reddys laboratories louisiana llc
Prometheus laboratories inc
Bedford laboratories
Bioniche pharma usa llc
PackagersAdvanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
Amerisource Health Services Corp.
Apotex Inc.
A-S Medication Solutions LLC
Ascend Laboratories LLC
BASF Corp.
Bedford Labs
Ben Venue Laboratories Inc.
Bioniche Pharma
Biotest Pharmaceuticals
Bryant Ranch Prepack
Caraco Pharmaceutical Labs
Cardinal Health
Comprehensive Consultant Services Inc.
Dept Health Central Pharmacy
DHHS Program Support Center Supply Service Center
Direct Dispensing Inc.
Dispensing Solutions
Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
Doctor Reddys Laboratories Ltd.
DSM Corp.
H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
Heartland Repack Services LLC
Kaiser Foundation Hospital
Liberty Pharmaceuticals
Major Pharmaceuticals
Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
Mutual Pharmaceutical Co.
Mylan
Neighborcare Repackaging Inc.
Northstar Rx LLC
Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Paddock Labs
Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Par Pharmaceuticals
PCA LLC
PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Pharmedix
Physicians Total Care Inc.
Piramal Healthcare
Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Prepackage Specialists
Prepak Systems Inc.
Prescript Pharmaceuticals
Prometheus Laboratories Inc.
Qualitest
Rebel Distributors Corp.
Remedy Repack
Resource Optimization and Innovation LLC
Sandhills Packaging Inc.
Southwood Pharmaceuticals
Spectrum Pharmaceuticals
UDL Laboratories
Va Cmop Dallas
Vangard Labs Inc.
Vintage Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Watson Pharmaceuticals
SynonymsAllopurinol Sodium
Allopurinolum [INN-Latin]
Alopurinol [INN-Spanish]

indication

For the treatment of hyperuricemia associated with primary or secondary gout. Also indicated for the treatment of primary or secondary uric acid nephropathy, with or without the symptoms of gout, as well as chemotherapy-induced hyperuricemia and recurrent renal calculi.

pharmacology

Allopurinol, a structural analog of the natural purine base hypoxanthine, is used to prevent gout and renal calculi due to either uric acid or calcium oxalate and to treat uric acid nephropathy, hyperuricemia, and some solid tumors.

mechanism of action

Allopurinol and its active metabolite, oxypurinol, inhibits the enzyme xanthine oxidase, blocking the conversion of the oxypurines hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid. Elevated concentrations of oxypurine and oxypurine inhibition of xanthine oxidase through negative feedback results in a decrease in the concentrations of uric acid in the serum and urine. Allopurinol also facilitates the incorporation of hypoxanthine and xanthine into DNA and RNA, leading to a feedback inhibition of de novo purin synthesis and a decrease in serum uric acid concentrations as a result of an increase in nucleotide concentration.

toxicity

LD50=214 mg/kg (in mice)

biotransformation

Hepatic

absorption

Approximately 80-90% absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.

half life

1-3 hours

route of elimination

Approximately 20% of the ingested allopurinol is excreted in the feces.

drug interactions

Acenocoumarol: Allopurinol may increase the anticoagulant effect of acenocoumarol.

Anisindione: Allopurinol may increase the anticoagulant effect of anisindione.

Azathioprine: Allopurinol may increase the effect of thiopurine, azathioprine.

Cyclosporine: Allopurinol increases the effect and toxicity of cyclosporine

Dicumarol: Allopurinol may increase the anticoagulant effect of dicumarol.

Mercaptopurine: Allopurinol may increase the effect of thiopurine, mercaptopurine.

Trandolapril: The ACE inhibitor, Trandolapril, may increase the risk of hypersensitivity reactions to Allopurinol.

Warfarin: Allopurinol may increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. Monitor for changes in prothrombin times and therapeutic effects of warfarin if allopurinol is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.