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Home / Drugs / Starting with A / Amoxicillin
 
Amoxicillin
 

A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to ampicillin except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration. Amoxicillin is commonly prescribed with clauvanic acid (a beta lactamase inhibitor) as it is susceptible to beta-lacatamase degradation. [PubChem]
BrandsActimoxi
Amoclen
Amolin
Amopen
Amopenixin
Amoxi
Amoxi-Mast
Amoxibiotic
Amoxiden
Amoxil
Amoxivet
AMPC
Anemolin
Aspenil
Biomox
Bristamox
Cemoxin
Clamoxyl
Delacillin
Dispermox
Efpenix
Flemoxin
Hiconcil
Histocillin
Ibiamox
Imacillin
Lamoxy
Metafarma capsules
Metifarma capsules
Moxacin
Moxal
Ospamox
Pamoxicillin
Piramox
Polymox
Robamox
Sawamox PM
Sumox
Tolodina
Trimox
Unicillin
Utimox
Vetramox
Wymox
Zimox
CategoriesAnti-Bacterial Agents
Penicillins
ManufacturersAmerican antibiotics llc
Aurobindo pharma ltd
Dava pharmaceuticals inc
Hikma pharmaceuticals
Laboratorios atral sarl
Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
Ranbaxy pharmaceuticals inc
Sandoz inc
Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
Glaxosmithkline
Apothecon inc div bristol myers squibb
Apothecon sub bristol myers squibb co
Parke davis div warner lambert co
Wyeth ayerst laboratories
Wockhardt eu operations (swiss) ag
Ranbaxy laboratories ltd
Middlebrook pharmaceuticals inc
Draximage inc
PackagersAltura Pharmaceuticals Inc.
American Antibiotics LLC
Apotheca Inc.
A-S Medication Solutions LLC
Aurobindo Pharma Ltd.
Blenheim Pharmacal
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
Bryant Ranch Prepack
C.O. Truxton Inc.
Cardinal Health
Carlisle Laboratories Inc.
Casa De Amigos Pharmacy
Clonmel Healthcare Ltd.
Comprehensive Consultant Services Inc.
Darby Dental Supply Co. Inc.
DAVA Pharmaceuticals
Dept Health Central Pharmacy
Direct Dispensing Inc.
Dispensing Solutions
Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
DNA Pharmaceuticals
E.R. Squibb and Sons LLC
GlaxoSmithKline Inc.
Golden State Medical Supply Inc.
Greenstone LLC
H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
Hikma Pharmaceuticals
Innoviant Pharmacy Inc.
International Ethical Labs Inc.
Keltman Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Laboratorios Atral Sarl
Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
Liberty Pharmaceuticals
Major Pharmaceuticals
Medpharm Inc.
Medvantx Inc.
Middlebrook Pharmaceuticals
Mississippi State Dept Health
Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
Novopharm Ltd.
Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Okasa Pvt Ltd.
Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Par Pharmaceuticals
Patient First Corp.
PCA LLC
PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Pharmedix
Physicians Total Care Inc.
Poli Industria Chimica SPA
Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Prepackage Specialists
Prepak Systems Inc.
Prescription Dispensing Service Inc.
Putney Inc.
Qualitest
Ranbaxy Laboratories
Rebel Distributors Corp.
Redpharm Drug
Reid Provident Laboratories Inc.
Sandhills Packaging Inc.
Sandoz
Signal Health Ltd.
Southwood Pharmaceuticals
St Mary's Medical Park Pharmacy
Stat Rx Usa
Stat Scripts LLC
Talbert Medical Management Corp.
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
Tya Pharmaceuticals
UDL Laboratories
Veratex Corp.
West-Ward Pharmaceuticals
SynonymsAmoxicilina [INN-Spanish]
Amoxicillin anhydrous
Amoxicillin Trihydrate
Amoxicilline [INN-French]
Amoxicillinum [INN-Latin]
Amoxycillin
Amoxycillin Trihydrate
D-Amoxicillin
p-Hydroxyampicillin

indication

For the treatment of infections of the ear, nose, and throat, the genitourinary tract, the skin and skin structure, and the lower respiratory tract due to susceptible (only b-lactamase-negative) strains of Streptococcus spp. (a- and b-hemolytic strains only), S. pneumoniae, Staphylococcus spp., H. influenzae, E. coli, P. mirabilis, or E. faecalis. Also for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated gonorrhea (ano-genital and urethral infections) due to N. gonorrhoeae (males and females).

pharmacology

Amoxicillin is a moderate-spectrum antibiotic active against a wide range of Gram-positive, and a limited range of Gram-negative organisms. It is usually the drug of choice within the class because it is better absorbed, following oral administration, than other beta-lactam antibiotics. Amoxicillin is susceptible to degradation by β-lactamase-producing bacteria, and so may be given with clavulanic acid to increase its susceptability. The incidence of β-lactamase-producing resistant organisms, including E. coli, appears to be increasing. Amoxicillin is sometimes combined with clavulanic acid, a β-lactamase inhibitor, to increase the spectrum of action against Gram-negative organisms, and to overcome bacterial antibiotic resistance mediated through β-lactamase production.

mechanism of action

Amoxicillin binds to penicillin-binding protein 1A (PBP-1A) located inside the bacterial cell well. Penicillins acylate the penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain by opening the lactam ring. This inactivation of the enzyme prevents the formation of a cross-link of two linear peptidoglycan strands, inhibiting the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that amoxicllin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor.

toxicity

Serious toxicity is unlikely following large doses of amoxicillin. Acute ingestion of large doses of amoxicillin may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Acute oliguric renal failure and hematuria may occur following large doses.

biotransformation

Hepatic metabolism accounts for less than 30% of the biotransformation of most penicillins

absorption

Rapidly absorbed after oral administration.

half life

61.3 minutes

route of elimination

Most of the amoxicillin is excreted unchanged in the urine; its excretion can be delayed by concurrent administration of probenecid.

drug interactions

Demeclocycline: Possible antagonism of action

Doxycycline: Possible antagonism of action

Ethinyl Estradiol: This anti-infectious agent could decrease the effect of the oral contraceptive

Mestranol: This anti-infectious agent could decrease the effect of the oral contraceptive

Methacycline: Possible antagonism of action

Methotrexate: The penicillin increases the effect and toxicity of methotrexate

Minocycline: Possible antagonism of action

Oxytetracycline: Possible antagonism of action

Rolitetracycline: Possible antagonism of action

Tetracycline: Possible antagonism of action