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Home / Drugs / Starting with C / Clonazepam
 
Clonazepam
 

An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor responses. [PubChem]
BrandsAntelepsin
Antilepsin
Cloazepam
Clonopin
Iktorivil
Klonopin
Klonopin Rapidly Disintegrating
Landsen
Rivotril
CategoriesAnticonvulsants
Benzodiazepines
GABA Modulators
ManufacturersBarr laboratories inc
Par pharmaceutical inc
Hoffmann la roche inc
Actavis elizabeth llc
Alphapharm party ltd
Apotex inc
Caraco pharmaceutical laboratories ltd
Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
Sandoz inc
Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
Vintage pharmaceuticals inc
Watson laboratories inc
PackagersActavis Group
Aidarex Pharmacuticals LLC
Alphapharm Party Ltd.
Apotex Inc.
Apotheca Inc.
A-S Medication Solutions LLC
Barr Pharmaceuticals
Bryant Ranch Prepack
Caraco Pharmaceutical Labs
Cardinal Health
Caremark LLC
Catalent Pharma Solutions
Cebert Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Centaur Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd.
Comprehensive Consultant Services Inc.
Corepharma LLC
Coupler Enterprises Inc.
Direct Dispensing Inc.
Dispensing Solutions
Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
Eon Labs
F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.
Golden State Medical Supply Inc.
Goldline Laboratories Inc.
H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
Heartland Repack Services LLC
Innoviant Pharmacy Inc.
Kali Laboratories Inc.
Keltman Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
Liberty Pharmaceuticals
Major Pharmaceuticals
Mckesson Corp.
Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
Mylan
Novopharm Ltd.
Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Par Pharmaceuticals
PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Physicians Total Care Inc.
Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Prepackage Specialists
Prepak Systems Inc.
Qualitest
Rebel Distributors Corp.
Recalcine Laboratorios
Redpharm Drug
Remedy Repack
Sandhills Packaging Inc.
Sanofi-Aventis Inc.
Southwood Pharmaceuticals
St Mary's Medical Park Pharmacy
Stat Rx Usa
Syntex SA
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
Torpharm Inc.
UDL Laboratories
Va Cmop Dallas
Vintage Pharmaceuticals Inc.
SynonymsChlonazepam
Clonazepamum

indication

Used as an anticonvulsant in the treatment of the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (petit mal variant), akinetic and myoclonic seizures.

pharmacology

Clonazepam, a benzodiazepine, is used primarily as an anticonvulsant in the treatment of absence seizures, petit mal variant seizures (Lennox-Gastaut syndrome), akinetic and myoclonic seizures, and nocturnal myoclonus.

mechanism of action

Allosteric interactions between central benzodiazepine receptors and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors potentiate the effects of GABA. As GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, this results in increased inhibition of the ascending reticular activating system. Benzodiazepines, in this way, block the cortical and limbic arousal that occurs following stimulation of the reticular pathways.

toxicity

Somnolence, confusion, coma, and diminished reflexes

biotransformation

Hepatic (cytochrome P450, including CYP3A). Biotransformation occurs mainly by reduction of the 7-nitro group to the 4-amino derivative. This derivative can be acetylated, hydroxylated, and glucuronidated.

absorption

Clonazepam is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration. The absolute bioavailability of clonazepam is about 90%.

half life

30-40 hours

route of elimination

Clonazepam is highly metabolized, with less than 2% unchanged clonazepam being excreted in the urine. Metabolites of Klonopin are excreted by the kidneys

drug interactions

Cimetidine: Cimetidine may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, clonazepam.

Clozapine: Increased risk of toxicity

Fluconazole: Fluconazole may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, clonazepam.

Indinavir: The protease inhibitor, indinavir, may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, clonazepam.

Itraconazole: Itraconazole may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, clonazepam.

Kava: Kava may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, clonazepam.

Ketoconazole: Ketoconazole may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, clonazepam.

Nelfinavir: The protease inhibitor, nelfinavir, may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, clonazepam.

Omeprazole: Omeprazole may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, clonazepam.

Ritonavir: The protease inhibitor, ritonavir, may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, clonazepam.

Saquinavir: The protease inhibitor, saquinavir, may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, clonazepam.

St. John's Wort: St. John's Wort may decrease the effect of the benzodiazepine, clonazepam.

Telithromycin: Telithromycin may reduce clearance of Clonazepam. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for changes in the therapeutic/adverse effects of Clonazepam if Telithromycin is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.

Tipranavir: Tipranavir may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Clonazepam. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for Clonazepam toxic effects if Tipranavir is initiated or dose increased.

Triprolidine: The CNS depressants, Triprolidine and Clonazepam, may increase adverse/toxic effects due to additivity. Monitor for increased CNS depressant effects during concomitant therapy.

Voriconazole: Voriconazole may increase the serum concentration of clonazepam by decreasing its metabolism. Monitor for clonazepam toxicity if voriconazole is initiated or dose increased.