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Home / Drugs / Starting with D / Doxycycline
 
Doxycycline
 

A synthetic tetracycline derivative with similar antimicrobial activity. Animal studies suggest that it may cause less tooth staining than other tetracyclines. It is used in some areas for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria (malaria, falciparum). [PubChem]
BrandsAlti-Doxycycline
Apo-Doxy
Atridox
Doryx
Doxy 100
Doxy-Caps
Doxy-Lemmon
Doxychel
Doxychel Hyclate
Doxycin
Doxylin
Doxytec
Jenacyclin
Monodox
Novo-Doxylin
Nu-Doxycycline
Oracea
Periostat
Supracyclin
Vibra-Tabs
Vibramycin
CategoriesAnti-Bacterial Agents
Antimalarials
Tetracyclines
ManufacturersMylan pharmaceuticals inc
Par pharmaceutical inc
Ranbaxy laboratories ltd
Sandoz inc
Watson laboratories inc
Watson pharmaceuticals inc
Galderma laboratories lp
Rachelle laboratories inc
Ivax pharmaceuticals inc sub teva pharmaceuticals usa
Pfizer laboratories div pfizer inc
Lannett holdings inc
Mutual pharmaceutical co inc
Pliva inc
Mayne pharma international faulding pharm
Warner chilcott bermuda ltd
Medicis pharmaceutical corp
Halsey drug co inc
Heather drug co inc
Interpharm inc
Private formulations inc
Ranbaxy pharmaceuticals inc
Superpharm corp
Warner chilcott div warner lambert co
West ward pharmaceutical corp
Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
Collagenex inc
App pharmaceuticals llc
Baxter healthcare corp anesthesia and critical care
Bedford laboratories div ben venue laboratories inc
Tolmar inc
Corepharma llc
Larken laboratories inc
Mutual pharmacal co
Truxton inc
Vintage pharmaceuticals inc
PackagersActavis Group
Acura Pharmaceutical Technologies Inc.
Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
Advanced Vision Research
Aidarex Pharmacuticals LLC
Amerisource Health Services Corp.
Amneal Pharmaceuticals
Apace Packaging
Apical Pharmaceutical Corporation
Apotheca Inc.
Apothecon
APP Pharmaceuticals
Aqua Pharmaceuticals
A-S Medication Solutions LLC
Avidas Pharmaceuticals
Bedford Labs
Belgomex Sprl
Ben Venue Laboratories Inc.
Bioglan Pharmaceuticals Co.
Blenheim Pharmacal
Block Drug Corp.
Blu Pharmaceuticals LLC
Bryant Ranch Prepack
Bv Pharbita
Cardinal Health
Carlisle Laboratories Inc.
Catalent Pharma Solutions
Collagenex Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Community Action Inc. Community Health Services
Comprehensive Consultant Services Inc.
Corepharma LLC
Coupler Enterprises Inc.
Darby Dental Supply Co. Inc.
Dept Health Central Pharmacy
DHHS Program Support Center Supply Service Center
Direct Dispensing Inc.
Dispensing Solutions
Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
DSM Corp.
Eon Labs
Galderma Laboratories
Golden State Medical Supply Inc.
Goldline Laboratories Inc.
H and H Laboratories
H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
Hikma Pharmaceuticals
Innoviant Pharmacy Inc.
Ivax Pharmaceuticals
Kaiser Foundation Hospital
Keltman Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
Lannett Co. Inc.
Liberty Pharmaceuticals
Major Pharmaceuticals
Mayne Pharma International Pty Ltd.
Mckesson Corp.
Medisca Inc.
Medvantx Inc.
Mississippi State Dept Health
Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
Mutual Pharmaceutical Co.
Mylan
Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Oclassen Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Ohm Laboratories Inc.
Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Par Pharmaceuticals
Patheon Inc.
Patient First Corp.
PCA LLC
PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Pfizer Inc.
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Research Services Inc.
Pharmaceutical Utilization Management Program VA Inc.
Pharmaderm
Pharmedix
Pharmpak Inc.
Physicians Total Care Inc.
Pliva Inc.
Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Prepackage Specialists
Prepak Systems Inc.
Qualitest
Ranbaxy Laboratories
Rebel Distributors Corp.
Redpharm Drug
Remedy Repack
Sandhills Packaging Inc.
Sandoz
Southwood Pharmaceuticals
St Mary's Medical Park Pharmacy
Stat Rx Usa
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
Tolmar Inc.
Tya Pharmaceuticals
Universal Laboratories Inc.
Veratex Corp.
Versapharm Inc.
Warner Chilcott Co. Inc.
Watson Pharmaceuticals
WC Pharmaceuticals
West-Ward Pharmaceuticals
SynonymsDoxcycline anhydrous
Doxycycline Hyclate
Doxycycline Monohydrate
Doxytetracycline

indication

Doxycycline is indicated for use in respiratory tract infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Legionella spp., or Klebsiella spp. It is also used for prophylaxis of malaria. Doxycycline is indicated for a variety of bacterial infections, from Mycobacterium fortuitum and M. marinum, to susceptible E. coli and Brucella spp. It can be used as an alternative to treating plague, tetanus, Campylobacter fetus

pharmacology

Doxycycline, a long-acting tetracycline derived from oxytetracycline, is used to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis and treat non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis, exacerbations of bronchitis in patients with COPD, and adult periodontitis.

mechanism of action

Doxycycline, like minocycline, is lipophilic and can pass through the lipid bilayer of bacteria. Doxycycline reversibly binds to the 30 S ribosomal subunits and possibly the 50S ribosomal subunit(s), blocking the binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the mRNA and inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. Doxycycline prevents the normal function of the apicoplast of Plasmodium falciparum, a malaria causing organism.

toxicity

Symptoms of overdose include anorexia, nausea, diarrhoea, glossitis, dysphagia, enterocolitis and inflammatory lesions (with monilial overgrowth) in the anogenital region, skin reactions such as maculopapular and erythematous rashes, exfoliative dermatitis, photosensitivity, hypersensitivity reactions such as urticaria, angioneurotic oedema, anaphylaxis, anaphyl-actoid purpura, pericarditis, and exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus, benign intracranial hypertension in adults disappearing on discontinuation of the medicine, haematologic abnormalities such as haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and eosinophilia. LD50=262 mg/kg (I.P. in rat).

biotransformation

Hepatic

absorption

Completely absorbed following oral administration.

half life

18-22 hours

route of elimination

They are concentrated by the liver in the bile and excreted in the urine and feces at high concentrations in a biologically active form.

drug interactions

Acenocoumarol: The tetracycline, doxycycline, may increase the anticoagulant effect of acenocoumarol.

Acitretin: Increased risk of intracranial hypertension

Aluminium: Formation of non-absorbable complexes

Amobarbital: The anticonvulsant, amobarbital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.

Amoxicillin: Possible antagonism of action

Ampicillin: Possible antagonism of action

Anisindione: The tetracycline, doxycycline, may increase the anticoagulant effect of anisindione.

Aprobarbital: The anticonvulsant, aprobarbital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.

Attapulgite: Formation of non-absorbable complexes

Azlocillin: Possible antagonism of action

Aztreonam: Possible antagonism of action

Bacampicillin: Possible antagonism of action

Bexarotene: Tetracycline derivatives like doxycycline may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Retinoic Acid Derivatives. Due to the risk of developing pseudotumor cerebri (also known as intracranial hypertension), avoid this combination of drugs if possible. If used concomitantly, monitor for evidence of this interaction (eg, dizziness, diplopia, headache).

Butabarbital: The anticonvulsant, butabarbital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.

Butalbital: The anticonvulsant, butalbital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.

Butethal: The anticonvulsant, butethal, decreases the effect of doxycycline.

Calcium: Formation of non-absorbable complexes

Calcium Acetate: Calcium salts such as calcium acetate may decrease the serum concentration of tetracycline derivatives such as doxycycline. In general, the coadministration of oral calcium salts and oral tetracycline derivatives should be avoided. Interactions may be able to be minimized by administering oral calcium preparations several hours before or after the dose of the oral tetracycline derivatives. Even with dose separation, therapy may still be compromised. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effect of oral tetracycline derivatives.

Calcium Chloride: Calcium salts such as calcium chloride may decrease the serum concentration of tetracycline derivatives such as doxycycline. In general, the coadministration of oral calcium salts and oral tetracycline derivatives should be avoided. Interactions may be able to be minimized by administering oral calcium preparations several hours before or after the dose of the oral tetracycline derivatives. Even with dose separation, therapy may still be compromised. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effect of oral tetracycline derivatives.

Carbamazepine: The anticonvulsant, carbamazepine, may decrease the therapeutic effect of doxycycline.

Carbenicillin: Possible antagonism of action

Clavulanate: Possible antagonism of action

Cloxacillin: Possible antagonism of action

Colesevelam: Bile acid sequestrants such as colesevelam may decrease the absorption of Tetracycline Derivatives. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effects of tetracycline derivatives if coadministered with a bile acid sequestrant. If these agents are used concomitantly, separate doses 2 or more hours to minimize the interaction. The manufacturer of colesevelam suggests that drugs should be administered at least 1 hour before or 4 hours after colesevelam.

Cyclacillin: Possible antagonism of action

Dicloxacillin: Possible antagonism of action

Dicumarol: The tetracycline, doxycycline, may increase the anticoagulant effect of dicumarol.

Dihydroquinidine barbiturate: The anticonvulsant, dihydroquinidine barbiturate, decreases the effect of doxycycline.

Ethinyl Estradiol: Doxycycline may decrease the contraceptive effect of ethinyl estradiol.

Ethotoin: The anticonvulsant, ethotoin, decreases the effect of doxycycline.

Etretinate: Increased risk of intracranial hypertension

Flucloxacillin: Possible antagonism of action

Fosphenytoin: The anticonvulsant, fosphenytoin, decreases the effect of doxycycline.

Heptabarbital: The anticonvulsant, heptabarbital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.

Hetacillin: Possible antagonism of action

Hexobarbital: The anticonvulsant, hexobarbital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.

Iron: Formation of non-absorbable complexes

Iron Dextran: Formation of non-absorbable complexes

Isotretinoin: Increased risk of intracranial hypertension

Magnesium: Formation of non-absorbable complexes

Magnesium oxide: Formation of non-absorbable complexes

Mephenytoin: The anticonvulsant, mephenytoin, decreases the effect of doxycycline.

Mestranol: This anti-infectious agent could decrease the effect of the oral contraceptive

Methohexital: The anticonvulsant, methohexital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.

Methotrexate: The tetracycline, doxycycline, may increase methotrexate toxicity.

Methylphenobarbital: The anticonvulsant, methylphenobarbital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.

Meticillin: Possible antagonism of action

Mezlocillin: Possible antagonism of action

Nafcillin: Possible antagonism of action

Oxacillin: Possible antagonism of action

Penicillin G: Possible antagonism of action

Penicillin V: Possible antagonism of action

Pentobarbital: The anticonvulsant, pentobarbital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.

Phenobarbital: The anticonvulsant, phenobarbital, may decrease the therapeutic effect of doxycycline.

Phenytoin: The anticonvulsant, phenytoin, may decrease the effect of doxycycline.

Piperacillin: Possible antagonism of action

Pivampicillin: Possible antagonism of action

Pivmecillinam: Possible antagonism of action

Primidone: The anticonvulsant, primidone, decreases the effect of doxycycline.

Quinidine barbiturate: The anticonvulsant, quinidine barbiturate, decreases the effect of doxycycline.

Rifabutin: The rifamycin decreases the effect of doxycycline

Rifampin: The rifamycin decreases the effect of doxycycline

Secobarbital: The anticonvulsant , secobarbital, decreases the effect of doxycycline.

Talbutal: The anticonvulsant, talbutal, decreases the effect of doxycycline.

Tamsulosin: Doxycycline, a CYP3A4 inhibitor, may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tamsulosin, a CYP3A4 substrate. Monitor for changes in therapeutic/adverse effects of Tamsulosin if Doxycycline is initiated, discontinued, or dose changed.

Tazobactam: Possible antagonism of action

Thiopental: Thiopental may decrease the serum levels of Doxycycline. A reduction in antimicrobial effects may occur. An alternative antibiotic may be considered.

Ticarcillin: Doxycycline may reduce the effect of Ticarcillin by inhibiting bacterial growth. Ticarcillin exerts its effects on actively growing bacteria. To achieve synergism, Ticarcillin should be administered at least 2 hours prior to using Doxycycline.

Tolterodine: Doxycycline may decrease the metabolism and clearance of Tolterodine. Adjust Tolterodine dose and monitor for efficacy and toxicity.

Tretinoin: Doxycycline may increase the adverse effects of oral Tretinoin. Increase risk of pseudotumour cerebri. Concurrent therapy should be avoided.

Warfarin: The tetracycline, doxycycline, may increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.

Zinc: Formation of non-absorbable complexes