indication

Iodipamide is used as a contrast agent for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.

mechanism of action

Organic iodine compounds block x-rays as they pass through the body, thereby allowing body structures containing iodine to be delineated in contrast to those structures that do not contain iodine. The degree of opacity produced by these iodinated organic compounds is directly proportional to the total amount (concentration and volume) of the iodinated contrast agent in the path of the x-rays. Iodipamide's primary excretion through the hepato-biliary system and concentration in bile allows visualization of the gallbladder and biliary ducts.

toxicity

Ionic radiocontrast agents like iodipamide are cytotoxic to renal cells. The toxic effects include apoptosis, cellular energy failure, disruption of calcium homeostasis, and disturbance of tubular cell polarity, and are thought to be linked to oxidative stress. Acute IV LD50 is 5000 mg/kg in rat, 3195 mg/kg in mouse, and 1200 mg/kg in dog.

biotransformation

Hepatic.