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Home / Drugs / Starting with N / Niacin
 
Niacin
 

A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has pellagra-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties. [PubChem]
BrandsAkotin
Anti-Pellagra Vitamin
Apelagrin
Bionic
Daskil
Davitamon PP
Diacin
Direktan
Efacin
Kyselina Nikotinova
Linic
Naotin
Niac
Niaspan
Nicacid
Nicangin
NICO
Nico-Span
Nicocidin
Nicocrisina
Nicodan
Nicodelmine
Nicodon
Niconacid
Niconat
Niconazid
Nicorol
Nicosan 3
Nicoside
Nicosyl
Nicotamin
Nicotene
Nicotil
Nicotinipca
Nicotinsaure
Nicovasan
Nicovasen
Nicyl
Nipellen
Nyclin
P.P. Factor
Pellagra Preventive Factor
Pellagramin
Pellagrin
Pelonin
Peviton
PP Factor
Simcor
Sk-Niacin
Tega-Span
Tinic
Vitaplex N
CategoriesVitamins (Vitamin B Complex)
Vasodilator Agents
Antilipemic Agents
Vitamin B Complex
ManufacturersMedpointe pharmaceuticals medpointe healthcare inc
Barr laboratories inc
Abbott laboratories
Everylife
Halsey drug co inc
Impax laboratories inc
Ivax pharmaceuticals inc sub teva pharmaceuticals usa
Mk laboratories inc
Purepac pharmaceutical co
Sandoz inc
Tablicaps inc
Watson laboratories inc
West ward pharmaceutical corp
Wockhardt ltd
Upsher smith laboratories inc
Sanofi aventis us llc
PackagersAbbott Laboratories Ltd.
Aeropharm Technology LLC
Amend
Apothecon
A-S Medication Solutions LLC
Bronson Pharmaceuticals
Catalent Pharma Solutions
Contract Pharm
CVS Pharmacy
Ide Interstate
Ivax Pharmaceuticals
Major Pharmaceuticals
Mason Distributors
Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
National Vitamin Company
Norwich Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Physicians Total Care Inc.
Prepak Systems Inc.
Rugby Laboratories
Sepracor Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Sirius Labs
Southwood Pharmaceuticals
Spectrum Pharmaceuticals
Upsher Smith Laboratories
US Pharmaceutical Corp.
Va Cmop Dallas
Wockhardt Ltd.
Synonyms3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid
Acide Nicotinique
Acidum Nicotinicum
M-Pyridinecarboxylic Acid
Nicotine Acid
Nicotinic Acid
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid
Pyridylcarboxylic Acid
Vitamin B3

indication

For the treatment of type IV and V hyperlipidemia. It is indicated as ajunctive therapy.

pharmacology

Niacin and niacinamide are indicated for prevention and treatment of vitamin B3 deficiency states. Vitamin B3 (Niacin) also acts to reduce LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol. The magnitude of individual lipid and lipoprotein responses may be influenced by the severity and type of underlying lipid abnormality. The increase in total HDL is associated with a shift in the distribution of HDL subfractions (as defined by ultra-centrifugation) with an increase in the HDL2:HDL3 ratio and an increase in apolipoprotein A-I content. Vitamin B3 (Niacin) treatment also decreases the serum levels of apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B), the major protein component of the VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) and LDL fractions, and of lipoprotein-a, a variant form of LDL independently associated with coronary risk.

mechanism of action

Niacin binds to Nicotinate D-ribonucleotide phyrophsopate phosphoribosyltransferase, Nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase, Nicotinate N-methyltransferase and the Niacin receptor. Niacin is the precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), which are vital cofactors for dozens of enzymes. The mechanism by which niacin exerts its lipid lowering effects is not entirely understood, but may involve several actions, including a decrease in esterification of hepatic triglycerides. Niacin treatment also decreases the serum levels of apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B), the major protein component of the VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) and LDL fractions.

toxicity

Nicotinic acid can cause vasodilation of cutaneous blood vessels resulting in increased blood flow, principally in the face, neck and chest. This produces the niacin- or nicotinic acid-flush. The niacin-flush is thought to be mediated via the prostaglandin prostacyclin. Histamine may also play a role in the niacin-flush. Flushing is the adverse reaction first observed after intake of a large dose of nicotinic acid, and the most bothersome one. LD50 7000 mg/kg (Rat)

biotransformation

Hepatic

absorption

Both nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are efficiently absorbed from the stomach and small intestine.

half life

20-45 minutes.

drug interactions

Colesevelam: Bile Acid Sequestrants may decrease the absorption of Niacin. It may be prudent to separate the administration times of niacin and bile acid sequestrants by a few hours in order to reduce the potential for reduced efficacy of these agents. The manufacturer of colesevelam recommends that drugs should be administered at least 1 hour before or 4 hours after colesevelam.

Lovastatin: Risk of severe myopathy/rhabdomyolysis with this combination