| Penicillin V is narrow spectrum antibiotic used to treat mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible bacteria. It is a natural penicillin antibiotic that is administered orally. Penicillin V may also be used in some cases as prophylaxis against susceptible organisms.
Natural penicillins are considered the drugs of choice for several infections caused by susceptible gram positive aerobic organisms, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, groups A, B, C and G streptococci, nonenterococcal group D streptococci, viridans group streptococci, and non-penicillinase producing staphylococcus. Aminoglycosides may be added for synergy against group B streptococcus (S. agalactiae), S. viridans, and Enterococcus faecalis. The natural penicillins may also be used as first or second line agents against susceptible gram positive aerobic bacilli such as Bacillus anthracis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Natural penicillins have limited activity against gram negative organisms; however, they may be used in some cases to treat infections caused by Neisseria meningitidis and Pasteurella. They are not generally used to treat anaerobic infections. Resistance patterns, susceptibility and treatment guidelines vary across regions. |
| Brands | Acipen V
Apopen
Beepen-Vk
Beromycin
Betapen-Vk
Calcipen
Compocillin V
Crystapen V
Distaquaine V
Eskacillian V
Eskacillin V
Fenacilin
Fenospen
Fenoxypen
Ledercillin Vk
Meropenin
Oracillin
Oratren
Ospen
Pen-Oral
Pen-V
Pen-Vee
Pen-Vee K
Penapar-Vk
Penicillin Vk
Penicillin-Vk
Pfizerpen Vk
Phenocillin
Phenomycilline
Phenopenicillin
Robicillin
Rocilin
Stabicillin
Uticillin Vk
V-Cil
V-Cillin
V-Cillin K
V-Cylina
V-Cyline
V-Tablopen
Vebecillin
Veetids
Veetids '125'
Veetids '250'
Veetids '500'
|
| Categories | Anti-Bacterial Agents
Penicillins
|
| Manufacturers | Eli lilly and co
Glaxosmithkline
Apothecon inc div bristol myers squibb
Lederle laboratories div american cyanamid co
Parke davis div warner lambert co
American antibiotics llc
Dava pharmaceuticals inc
Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
Purepac pharmaceutical co
Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
Wyeth ayerst laboratories
Pfizer laboratories div pfizer inc
Apothecon sub bristol myers squibb co
Bristol laboratories inc div bristol myers co
Aurobindo pharma ltd
Ivax pharmaceuticals inc sub teva pharmaceuticals usa
Sandoz inc
Pharmacia and upjohn co
|
| Packagers | Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
American Antibiotics LLC
Apogee Bio Pharm Corp.
Apotheca Inc.
A-S Medication Solutions LLC
Aurobindo Pharma Ltd.
Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
Bryant Ranch Prepack
C.O. Truxton Inc.
Carlisle Laboratories Inc.
Casa De Amigos Pharmacy
Central Texas Community Health Centers
Clonmel Healthcare Ltd.
DAVA Pharmaceuticals
Direct Dispensing Inc.
Dispensing Solutions
Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
E.R. Squibb and Sons LLC
Golden State Medical Supply Inc.
Greenstone LLC
H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
Kaiser Foundation Hospital
Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
Liberty Pharmaceuticals
Major Pharmaceuticals
Medpharm Inc.
Novopharm Ltd.
Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Par Pharmaceuticals
Patient First Corp.
PCA LLC
PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Pharmedix
Physicians Total Care Inc.
Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Prepackage Specialists
Prescription Dispensing Service Inc.
Rebel Distributors Corp.
Redpharm Drug
Sandhills Packaging Inc.
Sandoz
Southwood Pharmaceuticals
St Mary's Medical Park Pharmacy
Stat Scripts LLC
Talbert Medical Management Corp.
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
Veratex Corp.
|
| Synonyms | Fenossimetilpenicillina [Dcit]
Fenoximetilpenicilina [INN-Spanish]
Penicillin Phenoxymethyl
Penicillin V Potassium
Phenoximethylpenicillinum
Phenoxymethyl Penicillin
Phenoxymethylenepenicillinic Acid
Phenoxymethylpenicillin Potassium
Phenoxymethylpenicillinic Acid
Phenoxymethylpenicillinic Acid Potassium Salt
|
indication
For the treatment of mild to moderately severe infections (e.g. dental infection, infections in the heart, middle ear infections, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, skin infections, upper and lower respiratory tract infections) due to microorganisms
pharmacology
Penicillin V is a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms. The name "penicillin" can either refer to several variants of penicillin available, or to the group of antibiotics derived from the penicillins. Penicillin V has
in vitro activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The bactericidal activity of Penicillin V results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and is mediated through Penicillin V binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). Penicillin V is stable against hydrolysis by a variety of beta-lactamases, including penicillinases, and cephalosporinases and extended spectrum beta-lactamases.
mechanism of action
By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, Penicillin V inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that Penicillin V interferes with an autolysin inhibitor.
toxicity
LD
50 >1040 mg/kg (Orally in rats with Sodium salt); Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea, and, in rare cases, major motor seizures
biotransformation
About 35-70% of an oral dose is metabolized to penicilloic acid, an inactive metabolite. Small amounts of 6-aminopenicillanic acid have been recovered in the urine of patients on penicillin G. A small percentage of the drug appears to be hydroxylated into one or more active metabolites, which are also excreted via urine.
absorption
25% of the dose given is absorbed, 50-60% bioavailable
half life
30 to 40 minutes
route of elimination
Mostly renal. A small percentage is eliminated by feces and the biliary route.
drug interactions
Demeclocycline: Possible antagonism of action
Doxycycline: Possible antagonism of action
Fusidic Acid: Fusidic acid may diminish the therapeutic effect of penicillins. To management this interaction, penicillin should be administered 2 hours before fusidic acid.
Mestranol: This anti-infectious agent could decrease the effect of the oral contraceptive
Methacycline: Possible antagonism of action
Methotrexate: The penicillin increases the effect and toxicity of methotrexate
Minocycline: Possible antagonism of action
Oxytetracycline: Possible antagonism of action
Rolitetracycline: Possible antagonism of action
Tetracycline: Possible antagonism of action
