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Home / Drugs / Starting with T / Testosterone
 
Testosterone
 

Testosterone is a steroid sex hormone found in both men and women. In men, testosterone is produced primarily by the Leydig (interstitial) cells of the testes when stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH). It functions to stimulate spermatogenesis, promote physical and functional maturation of spermatozoa, maintain accessory organs of the male reproductive tract, support development of secondary sexual characteristics, stimulate growth and metabolism throughout the body and influence brain development by stimulating sexual behaviors and sexual drive. In women, testosterone is produced by the ovaries (25%), adrenals (25%) and via peripheral conversion from androstenedione (50%). Testerone in women functions to maintain libido and general wellbeing. Testosterone exerts a negative feedback mechanism on pituitary release of LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Testosterone may be further converted to dihydrotestosterone or estradiol depending on the tissue.
BrandsAndriol
Androderm
Androgel
Androlin
Andronaq
Andronate 100
Andronate 200
Andropatch
Andropository 200
Androsorb
Andrusol
Andryl 200
Bio-T-Gel
Cristerona T
Cristerone T
Everone 200
Libigel
Malerone
Malestrone
Mertestate
Metandren
Methyltestosterone
Neo-Hombreol F
Neo-Testis
Neotestis
Oreton
Oreton F
Oreton Methyl
Oreton-F
Orquisteron
Perandren
Percutacrine Androgenique
Primotest
Primoteston
Relibra
Striant
Sustanon
Sustanone
Synandrol F
T-Cypionate
Teslen
Testamone 100
Testandrone
Testaqua
Testiculosterone
Testim
Testobase
Testoderm
Testoderm Tts
Testogel
Testoject-50
Testolin
Testopel Pellets
Testopropon
Testosteroid
Testoviron
Testoviron Schering
Testoviron T
Testrin-P.A
Testro AQ
Testrone
Testryl
Virormone
Virosterone
CategoriesAndrogens
ManufacturersHeather drug co inc
Valeant pharmaceuticals international
Schering corp sub schering plough corp
Novartis pharmaceuticals corp
Impax laboratories inc
Eli lilly and co
Purepac pharmaceutical co
Private formulations inc
Tablicaps inc
Usl pharma inc
Inwood laboratories inc sub forest laboratories inc
Kv pharmaceutical co
Lannett co inc
Parke davis div warner lambert co
Watson laboratories inc
West ward pharmaceutical corp
Alza corp
Unimed pharmaceuticals inc
Auxilium pharmaceuticals
Par pharmaceutical
Watson laboratories
Slate pharmaceuticals inc
Columbia laboratories inc
Pharmacia and upjohn co
Bedford laboratories div ben venue laboratories inc
Paddock laboratories inc
Sandoz canada inc
Synerx pharma llc
Endo pharmaceutical solutions inc
Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
PackagersAbraxis BioScience Inc.
Amneal Pharmaceuticals
Andapharm
Anip Acquisition Co.
A-S Medication Solutions LLC
Auxilium Pharmaceuticals
Bartor Pharmaceutical
Breckenridge Pharmaceuticals
C.O. Truxton Inc.
Carlisle Laboratories Inc.
Columbia Labs
Contract Pharm
Creekwood Pharmaceutical Inc.
Cutis Pharma Inc.
Darby Dental Supply Co. Inc.
Dispensing Solutions
DPT Laboratories Ltd.
Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Glenmark Generics Ltd.
Global Pharmaceuticals
Indevus Pharmaceuticals
Laboratoires Besins International
Lannett Co. Inc.
Lunsco Inc.
Marlex Pharmaceuticals
Martica Enterprises Inc.
Martin Surgical Supply
Medisca Inc.
Merit Pharmaceuticals
Microtest Laboratories Inc.
Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
National Pharmaceuticals
Paddock Labs
Pharmaceutics International Inc.
Pharmacia Inc.
Pharmaforce Inc.
Pharmascience Inc.
Physicians Total Care Inc.
Prasco Labs
Primedics Laboratories
Rebel Distributors Corp.
Resource Optimization and Innovation LLC
Sandoz
Schering-Plough Inc.
Schwarz Pharma Inc.
Slate Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Solvay Pharmaceuticals
Southwood Pharmaceuticals
Star Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Stat Rx Usa
Syntho Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
UNIMED
Unimed Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Valeant Ltd.
Watson Pharmaceuticals
SynonymsTES
Testosteron
Testosterona [INN-Spanish]
Testosterone Cypionate
Testosterone Enanthate
Testosterone Hydrate
Testosteronum [INN-Latin]
Testostosterone
Trans-Testosterone

indication

To be used as hormone replacement or substitution of diminished or absent endogenous testosterone. Use in males: For management of congenital or acquired hypogonadism, hypogonadism associated with HIV infection, and male climacteric (andopause). Use in females: For palliative treatment of androgen-responsive, advanced, inoperable, metastatis (skeletal) carcinoma of the breast in women who are 1-5 years postmenopausal; testosterone esters may be used in combination with estrogens in the management of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause in women who do not respond to adequately to estrogen therapy alone.

pharmacology

Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group. Testosterone is primarily secreted from the testes of males. In females, it is produced in the ovaries, adrenal glands and by conversion of adrostenedione in the periphery. It is the principal male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid. In both males and females, it plays key roles in health and well-being. Examples include enhanced libido, energy, immune function, and protection against osteoporosis. On average, the adult male body produces about twenty times the amount of testosterone than an adult female's body does.

mechanism of action

The effects of testosterone in humans and other vertebrates occur by way of two main mechanisms: by activation of the androgen receptor (directly or as DHT), and by conversion to estradiol and activation of certain estrogen receptors. Free testosterone (T) is transported into the cytoplasm of target tissue cells, where it can bind to the androgen receptor, or can be reduced to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the cytoplasmic enzyme 5α-reductase. DHT binds to the same androgen receptor even more strongly than T, so that its androgenic potency is about 2.5 times that of T. The T-receptor or DHT-receptor complex undergoes a structural change that allows it to move into the cell nucleus and bind directly to specific nucleotide sequences of the chromosomal DNA. The areas of binding are called hormone response elements (HREs), and influence transcriptional activity of certain genes, producing the androgen effects.

toxicity

Side effects include amnesia, anxiety, discolored hair, dizziness, dry skin, hirsutism, hostility, impaired urination, paresthesia, penis disorder, peripheral edema, sweating, and vasodilation.

biotransformation

Testosterone is metabolized to 17-keto steroids through two different pathways. The major active metabolites are estradiol and dihydrotestosterone (DHT).

absorption

Approximately 10% of the testosterone dose applied on the skin surface is absorbed into systemic circulation

half life

10-100 minutes

route of elimination

About 90% of a dose of testosterone given intramuscularly is excreted in the urine as glucuronic and sulfuric acid conjugates of testosterone and its metabolites; about 6% of a dose is excreted in the feces, mostly in the unconjugated form.

drug interactions

Acenocoumarol: The androgen, Testosterone, may incrase the anticoagulant effect of the Vitamin K antagonist, Acenocoumarol. Monitor for changes in the therapeutic effect of Acenocoumarol if Testosterone is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.

Anisindione: The androgen may increase the anticoagulant effect of anisindione.

Cyclosporine: The androgen, Testosterone, may increase the hepatotoxicity of Cyclosporine. Testosterone may also elevate serum concentrations of Cyclosporine. Consider alternate therapy or monitor for signs of renal and hepatic toxicity.

Dicumarol: The androgen may increase the anticoagulant effect of dicumarol.

Docetaxel: Testosterone may increase the serum levels and toxicity of docetaxel.

Warfarin: Testosterone may increase the serum concentration and anticoagulant effect of warfarin. Monitor for changes in prothrombin time and therapeutic effects of warfarin if testosterone is initiated, discontinued or dose changed.